Regenerative Medicine

Novartis is to tap the engineering expertise of Vyriad Inc of the US in order to discover and develop in vivo chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies. Announced on 20 November, the agreement will take cell-based gene therapy technology to a new level by enabling the CAR recombinant protein to be delivered to T cells in their natural environment. This will be done by using a lentiviral delivery system to target and transduce resting T cells and reprogramme them while they are still inside the body. The reprogrammed cells would become potential treatment for patients.

Biopharma executives in Europe and Asia, together with their financial supporters, have launched a new company to develop therapies that will both activate and inhibit the function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs are white blood cells that play a key role in regulating the immune system to ensure that the body responds appropriately to foreign antigens and neoantigens. Announced on 18 October, Regimmune/Kiji TX is the result of a merger between Kiji Therapeutics of France and Regimmune Ltd of Taiwan. The Japan based venture capital group DCI Partner Co Ltd helped execute the merger.

Purespring Therapeutics Ltd, a gene therapy company developing treatments for kidney diseases, has raised £80 million from private investors to bring its lead product into clinical development. This is the latest in a series of transactions among biotech companies in the kidney disease sector but the first for a preclinical gene therapy. Purespring’s product candidate, PS-002, is an adeno-associated viral vector with a gene payload for the treatment of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), a chronic kidney disease primarily affecting young adults. 

An academic team in the US has made progress in designing an experimental gene therapy for multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD), a lysosomal storage disorder that affects the brain, lungs, skin and skeleton and for which there are no approved treatments. The results of the preclinical study, conducted at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, were published in the journal Molecular Therapy on 4 September 2024.

Asgard Therapeutics AB, a privately-held preclinical biotech based in Sweden announced on 5 September the publication in Science of preclinical data for its lead gene therapy programme AT-108. The programme is an autologous therapy that reprogrammes tumour cells into a subset of dendritic cells thereby mounting a cytotoxic T cell response in cancer. The study, co-led by Asgard and the scientists at the Pereira Lab at Lund University in Sweden, showed that it was possible to reprogramme dendritic cells in mice that were resistant to treatment with checkpoint inhibitors.

The European Medicines Agency has given a conditional marketing authorisation to a gene therapy for haemophilia B which is a one-time treatment for the rare inherited blood disorder. Announced on 31 May, the decision is for fidanacogene elaparvovec, an adeno-associated virus based therapy that is designed to deliver a functional copy of the Factor 9 gene into the body enabling patients to produce Factor 9 protein themselves. The developer is Pfizer Inc which received US regulatory approval for the same therapy in late April.

The US Food and Drug Administration has expanded the permitted medical use of a gene therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), making it available to patients who are both ambulatory and non-ambulatory. DMD is a genetic disorder characterised by a progressive deterioration of muscle due to abnormalities in, or the absence of, dystrophin protein which helps keep muscle cells intact.

A gene therapy being investigated in a Phase 3 trial of boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has failed to reach its primary endpoint of improvement in motor function, the developer Pfizer Inc announced on 12 June. The therapy, fordadistrogene movaparvovec, missed the primary endpoint at one year as well as key secondary endpoints compared with a placebo. The secondary endpoints included an improvement in velocity in a 10 metre run or walk. Participants were boys between the ages of four and seven who were on a daily regimen of glucocorticoids.

France-based SparingVision SA, which is developing gene therapies for retinal diseases, has presented data from an ongoing natural history study of rod-cone dystrophy showing the structural features of the disease and identifying a subset of patients with a higher rate of disease progression. This is to inform the company’s development of an ocular gene therapy for the disease which is in a separate Phase 1/2 trial in patients for severe rod-cone dystrophy.

A gene therapy being developed by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc has enabled a young child, suffering from a congenital hearing loss, to overcome deafness. The child, dosed at 11 months of age, is one of two to have responded to the experimental therapy which uses gene replacement to address mutations in the OTOF gene – the cause of the disease. A second child, who received the therapy at the age of four, showed initial improvements after dosing.